Many ultrafast techniques including vibrational sum frequency generation sfg are developing in a rapid pace, however very little academic literature exists on how to best utilize this novel techniques towards real life applications. Osa sum frequency generation vibrational spectroscopic. Sum frequency generation in a bbo crystal we are interested in the frequency sum of two linearly polarized light beams. Sum frequency generation spectroscopy sfg is a nonlinear laser spectroscopy technique used to analyze surfaces and interfaces. Sum frequency generation vibrational spectroscopy using. In this article, we use time and frequency domain sum frequency generation to study acetonitrile ch 3 cn molecules from the liquid phase adsorbed on a very thin gold film. Sumfrequency generation spectroscopy of interfaces iopscience. Optical secondharmonic generation and the related technique of infrared visible light sumfrequency generation are extremely versatile tools.
In a typical sfg setup, two laser beams mix at an interface and generate an output beam with a frequency equal to the sum of the two input frequencies, traveling in a direction given by the sum of the incident beams wavevectors. For example, assume you have a list of employee numbers together with hours worked on project x, and you want know how many employees worked on that project. Decoding the molecular water structure at complex interfaces. The infraredvisible sum frequency generation sfg spectrum of the surface of. Frequency tripling or third harmonic generation thg is an other example of sum frequency generation where, for thg of nd. To count unique numeric values in a range, you can use a formula based on the frequency and sum functions. Yag laser at a wavelength of 1064 nm, the other one is created in a bbo. Implementing the theory of sum frequency generation. Charles hard townes award from the osa, the arthur l. The first book on the topic, and written by the founder of the technique, this. Jun 18, 2012 a detailed description on the basic theory of optical sum frequency generation from an interfacial system is presented. Ultrafast spectroscopic techniques provide invaluable information in understanding complex surface phenomena. The phasematching condition k 2 2 k 1 implies that the phase of the term e 1 2 e 2 remains constant along the propagation direction.
Sum frequency generation spectroscopy sfg is a nonlinear laser spectroscopy technique. Improved computation of sum frequency generation spectrum of. A theoretical description of the vibrational sum frequency generation spectroscopy of interfaces angela s. Twodimensional infrared and sum frequency generation spectroscopies. Sfg spectroscopy is widely used as a powerful tool of surface characterization, although theoretical interpretation of the obtained spectra has been a major bottleneck for most users. Beginning with an overview of the historical context, and introductions to the basic theory of nonlinear optics and surface sum frequency generation, topics covered include discussion of different experimental arrangements adopted by researchers, notes on proper data analysis, an uptodate survey commenting on the wide range of successful. Sum frequency generation imaging microscopy of co on platinum. Sum and difference frequency generation rp photonics.
Surface properties probed by secondharmonic and sum. Sum frequency generation sfg spectroscopy is becoming a powerful tool in the research on surface science because of its high surfaceinterface selectivity and versatile applicability 16. Yag laser, l 1 1064nm, l 2 532nm and generated wavelength l 3 355nm. Homogeneous and inhomogeneous broadenings and the voigt line shapes in the phaseresolved and intensity sumfrequency generation vibrational spectroscopy. Part of theamerican studies commons this dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the graduate school at scholar. With the rapid development of materials science, ondemand techniques are highly needed with the capability to characterize materials in the micrometer and nanometer scales.
Sumfrequency generation spectroscopy in biosensors. The power and frequency stability of this source are ideally suited for cooling and trapping of. Sum frequency generation vibrational spectroscopy sfs is a surfacespeci. We developed an expression for the calculation of the sum frequency generation spectra sfg of water interfaces that is based on the projection of the atomic velocities on the local normal modes.
Magnesium doped ppln for sum frequency generation sfg of visible wavelength from nearir pump sources. It focuses on the chiral vibrational structures of proteins and presents the chiral. Ch 3 surface groups were followed revealing that only the first. Sum frequency generation sfg vibrational spectroscopy has been employed to study a variety of interesting biological phenomena occurring at interfaces. Pdf sumfrequency generation spectroscopy of interfaces. Optical secondharmonic generation and the related technique of infrared visible light sumfrequency generation are extremely versatile tools for studies of many kinds of surfaces and interfaces. Combining methods of surface pressure measurements, thin film xray reflectivity, and atomic force microscopy, we showed extremely ordered bsla at. Beginning with an overview of the historical context, and introductions to the basic theory of nonlinear optics and surface sumfrequency generation, topics covered include discussion of different experimental arrangements adopted by researchers, notes on proper data analysis, an uptodate survey commenting on the wide range of successful. Furthermore, thg is a special case of sum frequency generation sfg involving one, two, or three different frequencies giving.
Jun 10, 2014 kafle k, xi x, lee c, tittmann b, cosgrove d, park y, kim s 2014b cellulose microfibril orientation in onion allium cepa l. Sfg spectroscopy is widely used as a powerful tool of surface characterization, although theoretical interpretation. Sumfrequency generation spectroscopy of interfaces. The second term, being the lowestorder nonlinear optical response, is responsible for sumfrequency generation and secondharmonic generation with v 1. A sum frequency generation sfg vibrational microspectroscopy system was developed to examine buried heterogeneous biointerfaces. Homogeneous and inhomogeneous broadenings and the voigt line shapes in the phaseresolved and intensity sum frequency generation vibrational spectroscopy. This book describes fundamental theory and recent advances of sum frequency generation sfg spectroscopy. In this book we will refer to the two output fields as trigger and signal, without specific. Femtosecond sum frequency generation at the metalliquid. Here youll find current best sellers in books, new releases in books, deals in books, kindle ebooks, audible audiobooks, and so much more. Ginzton laboratory, stanford university, stanford, california 94305, usa received 18 september 2008.
By sum frequency of fundamental wavelength and thg of a ti. Sfs relies on the nonlinear optical phenomenon of sum frequency generation sfg. Osa sumfrequency generation of 589 nm light with nearunit. Sum frequency generation sfg spectroscopy is a powerful experimental. Investigating buried polymer interfaces using sum frequency generation vibrational spectroscopy. A theoretical description of the vibrational sum frequency.
We report on the recent scientific research contribution of nonlinear optics based on sum frequency generation sfg spectroscopy as a surface probe of the plasmonic properties of materials. Bab2o4 has been studied by mixing the unpolarized output of an excimer laser pumped dye laser with its second harmonic. K380,1 i would like to add a parameter so that the range being evaluated is limited to rows where the data in column p is equal to a specific cell reference. Both the interface and the bulk generally contribute to the sum frequency output. Sum frequency generation optics toolbox interactive. Sumfrequency generation sfg is a second order nonlinear optical process based on the annihilation of two input photons at angular frequencies. Yag laser and a 1535nm fiber laser, resulting in an output at 628 nm. Output power as high as 800 mw is achieved starting from 370 mw at 19 nm and 770 mw at 1064 nm, corresponding to converting roughly 90% of the 19 nm photons entering the cavity. The output wavelength can be tuned with each ppln grating by adjusting the input laser wavelength and varying the ppln temperature. Theory of sum frequency generation spectroscopy akihiro morita. One realizes 108 permutations with different time ordering of three different laser beams distinguished by frequency, andor wave vector, andor polarization. Temporal overlap of femtosecond and picosecond light pulses, anal. Looking at the data, you can see that the same employee numbers appear more.
Adding a parameter to the sumiffrequency formula to narrow. The emphasis is put on secondorder nonlinear optical techniques, such as sum frequency generation sfg, which possess. Basic theory of surface sumfrequency generation the. Differencefrequency generation dfg is a nonlinear optical process generation of light with a frequency that is the difference between two other frequencies. Two seemingly different approaches to specify bulk nonlinearity that includes electricquadrupole and magneticdipole contributions are shown to yield the same sumfrequency output if surface. For the experimental ir spectrum, the unit is lmol cm. We characterized bsla, a bacterial biofilm protein, at the airwater interface using vibrational sum frequency generation spectroscopy and observed one of the sharpest amide i bands ever reported. Interfaces of polymers and organic materials chapter 9.
Kafle k, xi x, lee c, tittmann b, cosgrove d, park y, kim s 2014b cellulose microfibril orientation in onion allium cepa l. Sum frequency generation sfg vibrational spectroscopy, a secondorder nonlinear optical technique, occurs at a surface or interface where the inversion symmetry. We report on a laser source at 589 nm based on sumfrequency generation of two infrared laser at 1064 nm and 19 nm. Vibrational sum frequency generation digital holography. Twodimensional sumfrequency generation 2d sfg reveals. Our approach permits one to obtain the sfg signal from suitable velocityvelocity correlation functions, reducing the computational cost to that of the accumulation of a molecular dynamics. We report on a laser source at 589 nm based on sum frequency generation of two infrared laser at 1064 nm and 19 nm.
A narrow amide i vibrational band observed by sum frequency. Broadband sum frequency generation with two regenerative amplifiers. Sum frequency generation spectroscopy in biosensors. In this work, we show that, by employing a prism geometry, total internal reflection sum frequency generation sfg vibrational spectroscopy allows for characterizing mesoscopic materials with irregular or complex surfaces. Perry university of south florida follow this and additional works at.
Sum and difference frequency generation are nonlinear processes generating beams with the sum or difference of the frequencies of the input beams. We report on the recent scientific research contribution of nonlinear optics based on sumfrequency generation sfg spectroscopy as a surface probe of the plasmonic properties of materials. Buy fundamentals of sumfrequency spectroscopy cambridge molecular science. Sfg is a secondorder nonlinear optical process in which two photons at frequencies. A compact optical microscope was constructed with totalinternal reflection tir sfg geometry to monitor the tightly focused sfg laser spots on interfaces, providing the capability of selectively probing different regions on heterogeneous biointerfaces. Stability of the sih bond on the hydrogenterminated si111 surface studied by sum frequency generation shen ye, toshiya saito, satoshi nihonyanagi, kohei uosaki and paulo b.
This phenomenon is based on the annihilation of two input photons at angular frequencies and while, simultaneously, one photon at frequency is generated. Our 2d ir and 2d sfg apparati were similar to those we have described previously. Franken and coworkers focused a pulsed ruby laser into a quartz crystal and showed that light at twice the laser frequency was generated. Initial growth study of atomiclayer deposition of al2o3 by. Sum frequency generation spectroscopy in biosensors technology. Fundamentals of sumfrequency spectroscopy cambridge.
Since the first publication of the sumfrequency generation spectrum in the frequency region of the bending mode from the waterair interface, there have been. Newlight photonics can provide bbo crystals as thin as 10 m 0. In the electricdipole approximation, all evenorder. The books homepage helps you explore earths biggest bookstore without ever leaving the comfort of your couch. Example applications include cascaded thg from 1550nm, and atomion cooling for quantum optics. Difference frequency generation dfg is a nonlinear optical process generation of light with a frequency that is the difference between two other frequencies. Journal of the american chemical society 2006, 128 50, 1601616017. The underlying surface chemistry during the initial cycles of ald was monitored with in situ broadband sumfrequency generation bbsfg spectroscopy. Chiral vibrational structures of proteins at interfaces. Recently, an emerging technique, sumfrequency generation vibrational sfg. Periodically poled lithium niobate waveguide sumfrequency.
The theoretical topics are treated at basic levels. Recent advances in sfg theory have brought about a breakthrough in the analysis methods beyond. A detailed description on the basic theory of optical sumfrequency generation from an interfacial system is presented. A theoretical analysis of the sum frequency generation spectrum. In particular, crystals as thin as 1020 m may be needed for generation of very short uv wavelengths below 300nm. New insights from sum frequency generation vibrational.
Sapphire laser in bbo crystal, it can generate wavelength as short as 193nm. Theory of sum frequency generation spectroscopy akihiro. Sumfrequency generation an overview sciencedirect topics. Sum frequency generation sfg spectroscopy is becoming a powerful tool in the research on. The emphasis is put on secondorder nonlinear optical techniques, such as sumfrequency generation sfg, which possess. Rp photonics encyclopedia phase matching, phasematched. We show that although both time and frequency domain measurements are theoretically equivalent, the time domain experiments are more sensitive to the inhomogeneity of. Sum frequency generation sfg vibrational spectroscopy, a secondorder nonlinear optical technique, occurs at a surface or interface where the inversion symmetry is broken under the electricdipole approximation. Unit converters and calculators of optical system and material properties refractive index, dispersion, diffraction angles, laser pulse elongation, etc. Nov 20, 2005 in this article, we use time and frequency domain sum frequency generation to study acetonitrile ch 3 cn molecules from the liquid phase adsorbed on a very thin gold film.
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